肾动静脉瘘出血患者介入治疗的护理探讨

目的：探究对进行介入治疗的肾动静脉瘘患者实施护理干预的临床效果。方法整群选取2010年8月—2014年9月间在该院进行介入治疗的肾动静脉瘘患者62例，按随机投掷法进行分组，对照组31例行一般护理，研究组31例在一般护理中结合护理干预，对比两组间心理状态、生存质量及满意程度。结果护理后研究组心理状态相比对照组明显改善，P<0.05。护理后研究组患者在躯体健康、人际、生理功能、精神等生存质量方面相比于对照组明显提高，P<0.05。护理后研究组总满意率90.32%相比于对照组61.29%有所提高，P<0.05。结论对进行介入治疗的肾动静脉瘘患者实施护理干预后，明显改善了患者的心理状态，提高了满意程度及生活质量。     

Laparoscopic revision to total gastrectomy or fistulo-jejunostomy as a definitive surgical procedure for chronic gastric fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundStaple-line leaks (SLL) after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are a rare but serious complication requiring radiologic and endoscopic interventions with varying degrees of success. When failed, a chronic gastrocutaneous fistula forms with decreasing chances of closure with time. Definitive surgical management of chronic SLL after SG include laparoscopic revision to total/subtotal gastrectomy (LTG/LSTG) or a fistulo-jejunostomy (LRYFJ), both with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.ObjectivesComparison of SG revisions to LTG/LSTG versus LRYFJ as a definitive treatment for chronic SLL.SettingHigh-volume bariatric unit.MethodsRetrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified 17 patients with chronic gastric fistula after SG that were revised to either LTG/LSTG or LRYFJ between September 2011 and May 2020. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, quality of life, and laboratory values for both options were compared.ResultsOf the 17 conversions, 8 were revised to LTG/LSTG and 9 to LRYFJ. Mean age and body mass index at revision were 36.85 years (range, 21–66 yr) and 29 kg/m² (range, 21–36 kg/m²), respectively. Average preoperative endoscopic attempts was 5 (range, 1–16). The overall average operation time of revision was 183 minutes (range, 130–275 min) with no significant difference between either conversion options. Mean follow-up time was 46.5 months (range, 1–81 mo) and was available for 10 patients (58.8%). Food intolerance was significantly better after revision to LRYFJ (n = 6/6, 100% versus n = 1/5, 20%, P < .05). There were no significant differences between revisional procedures and laboratory abnormalities.ConclusionLaparoscopic revision to LRYFJ is a safe and feasible treatment for chronic SLL.     

复合手术在战、创血管伤救治中的应用研究

目的 探讨复合手术在颈部与邻近躯干大血管战、创伤救治中的应用价值和方法。方法 总结我院神经外科与骨科自1978年以来应用复合手术救治42例颈部与邻近躯干大血管战、创伤大出血及晚期合并动静脉瘘与假性动脉瘤的临床资料。大部分病例复杂且已破裂，或即将破裂，又无法解剖出病变上游血管或用止血带控制出血进行血管重建手术。我们采用“放风筝”法治疗4例（其中3例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘，1例战时多发弹片伤致颅底高位颈内动静脉瘘合并颈外动脉假性动脉瘤），采用“血管内”止血带辅助外科手术切除假性动脉瘤与动静脉瘘行血管重建血运35例，酌情选择介入与开放手术相结合治疗3例（战伤致左椎动脉动静脉瘘1例，左椎动脉动静脉瘘合并假性动脉瘤破裂大出血1例，医源性颈内动脉损伤大出血1例）。结果 42例全部治愈，无死亡或因治疗加重残废。全部病人随访1年以上，病变消失且血运重建良好。结论 复合手术在救治颈部与邻近躯干大血管战、创伤出血及晚期并发假性动脉瘤与动静脉瘘时，能有效防止出血，增加手术安全性，将复杂、风险大的手术简单化，可在临床中推广应用。     

复合手术治疗硬脊膜外动静脉瘘合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘1例 并文献复习

目的 总结硬脊膜外动静脉瘘（SEDAVF）合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的复合手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析复合手术治疗的1例SEDAVF合并SDAVF的临床资料，并结合文献分析。结果 首先经动脉途径进行ONYX胶栓塞，因胶弥散效果不佳，仅封堵供血动脉，瘘口及引流静脉仍可显影；然后，开放性手术烧灼硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉丛血管，但未剪开硬脊膜探查，术后7 d因并存SDAVF加重血流动力学改变并引起症状加重，再次行介入栓塞时处理SDAVF。术后6个月随访双下肢肌力恢复至4级，大小便功能正常。结论 SEDAVF处理的关键在于闭塞瘘口及近端引流静脉，对于合并的SDAVF，可选择介入治疗。单纯SEDAVF，可选择开放性手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迂曲的静脉湖；SEDAVF合并SDAVF，可先行介入栓塞瘘口，解除脊髓静脉高压综合征及硬脊膜外静脉湖压迫症状；如仍末治愈，可行开放手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉湖，解除对脊髓的压迫。     

近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形血管内治疗中的应用

目的探讨近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形(SDAVF)血管内治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年9月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科采用血管内治疗的6例SDAVF患者的临床资料。所有患者术中均应用近端血流阻断加压技术,其中1例因未能完全栓塞,改为显微外科手术治疗。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影(DSA),以判断栓塞情况。对所有患者行门诊或电话随访,随访内容为行Aminoff-Logue评分,判断脊髓功能的恢复情况;门诊随访的患者同时复查脊髓MRI,以判断栓塞情况。结果6例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻DSA显示,5例完全栓塞,1例瘘口残留。所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经系统并发症;其中1例术中造影显示肋间动脉夹层的患者,采用弹簧圈闭塞近端肋间动脉后复查胸椎CT,显示肋间肌内血肿形成,术后持续胸背部疼痛3 d后缓解。6例患者中,5例为门诊随访,1例为电话随访;中位随访时间(范围)为5.5个月(4.0~22.0个月)。术后3个月,6例患者的Aminoff-Logue评分均较术前降低[(2.0±0.7)分、(4.0±1.5)分,P<0.05];脊髓功能得到明显改善。术中因拔管困难而留置体内的1例患者,术后6个月随访时无相关并发症。经显微手术治疗的1例患者出院后10个月行DSA随访,未见瘘口显影。结论初步推测近端血流阻断加压技术在SDAVF血管内治疗中是安全、有效的。     

Long-term surgical outcomes of patients with delayed diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is an extremely rare vascular entity that is usually misdiagnosed. We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing microsurgical treatment for delayed diagnosis of spinal dAVF. This retrospective study identified patients with delayed diagnosed spinal dAVF at our institution from 2009 to 2018. Patients’ data, including demographics, imaging, and follow-up data, were evaluated. This cohort included 65 consecutive patients with 68 dAVFs and a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 and a mean age of 53.5 ± 13.7 years. The presenting symptoms consisted of limb weakness (n = 42, 64.6%), paraparesis (n = 34, 52.3%), sphincter disturbances (n = 8, 12.3%), and pain (n = 13, 20.0%). The proportion of patients with each symptom significantly increased and patients experienced increased disability when the diagnosis was finalized. The mean length of delay of diagnosis was 20.7 ± 30.0 months. Surgery resulted in complete occlusion of the fistula on the first attempt in all patients. Three patients developed recurrent fistulas, and three died in the follow-up period. Improved motor function was achieved in 38 patients (59.5%). Other symptoms, such as sensory disorders, sphincter dysfunction, and pain, improved by 37.3%, 32.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. Patients with spinal dAVF usually exhibit progressive ascending myelopathy and often remain misdiagnosed for months to years. Some patients’ increased disability cannot be reversed through surgery.